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State-dependent memory or state-dependent learning is the phenomenon where people remember more information if their physical or mental state is the same at time of encoding and time of recall. State-dependent memory is heavily researched in regards to its employment both in regards to synthetic states of consciousness (such as under the ...
Recall is a major part of memory so the history of the study of memory in general also provides a history of the study of recall. Hermann Ebbinghaus In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus created nonsense syllables , combinations of letters that do not follow grammatical rules and have no meaning, to test his own memory.
State-dependent memory is one example of encoding specificity. If an individual encodes information while intoxicated he or she, ideally, should match that state when attempting to recall the encoded information. This type of state-dependent effect is strongest with free recall rather than when strong retrieval cues are present. [16]
A cued recall test is a procedure for testing memory in which a participant is presented with cues, such as words or phrases, to aid recall of previously experienced stimuli. [ 1 ] : 182 Endel Tulving and Zena Pearlstone (1966) conducted an experiment in which they presented participants with a list of words to be remembered.
That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. Mood-congruent memory bias (state-dependent memory) The improved recall of information congruent with one's current mood. Negativity bias or Negativity effect
It may also relate to the phenomena of state-dependent memory in neuropsychopharmacology. When recalling a memory, if someone is recalling an event by themselves or within a group of people, the emotions that they remember may change as well recall of specific details.
Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) is a type of state-dependent memory specifically showing that memory performance is not only determined by the depth of processing (where associating meaning with information strengthens the memory; see levels-of-processing effect), but by the relationship between how information is initially encoded and how it is later retrieved.
Learning is dependent on memory processes because previously stored knowledge functions as a framework in which newly learned information can be linked. [5] Information is retained in human memory stores in different ways, but it is primarily done so through active learning, repetition and recall. [6]