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The Westphalian Vehmic courts developed from the High Medieval "free courts" (Freigerichte), which had jurisdiction within a "free county" (German: Freigrafschaft).As a result of the 14th century imperial reform of the Holy Roman Empire (Golden Bull of 1356), the Landgraviates lost much of their power, and the Freigerichte disappeared, with the exception of Westphalia, where they retained ...
The Garduña [1] is a mythical organized, secret criminal society said to have been founded in Spain in the late Middle Ages.It was said to have been a prison gang that grew into a more organized entity over time, involved with robbery, kidnapping, arson, and murder-for-hire.
The exact qualifications for labeling a group a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy, and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial of membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals ...
Beati Paoli is the name of a secretive sect thought to have existed in medieval Sicily and possibly also in Malta.The sect, as described by the author Luigi Natoli in his historic novel I Beati Paoli (written as a series under the pseudonym William Galt in 1909, then re-published as books in 1921 and 1949), resembles an order of chivalry fighting for the poor and the commoners. [1]
Pages in category "Secret societies" The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
The official emblem of the Priory of Sion is partly based on the fleur-de-lis, which was a symbol particularly associated with the French monarchy. [1]The Prieuré de Sion (French pronunciation: [pʁijœʁe də sjɔ̃]), translated as Priory of Sion, was a fraternal organisation founded in France and dissolved in 1956 by Pierre Plantard in his failed attempt to create a prestigious neo ...
The medieval settlement found near Rimavská Sobota was occupied from the 11th to 13th centuries, archaeologists said. Photos show some of the wells and pottery vessels dating back at least 700 years.
Walhalla-orden was a secret society founded in the early part of 1783 in the Sveaborg (today, in Finnish: Suomenlinna) fortress outside Helsinki, Finland by Johan Anders Jägerhorn along with Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm. [1] It is thought to have been instrumental in setting in motion forces that eventually caused Finnish independence. [2] [3] [4]