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The lithium–air battery (Li–air) is a metal–air electrochemical cell or battery chemistry that uses oxidation of lithium at the anode and reduction of oxygen at the cathode to induce a current flow. [1] Pairing lithium and ambient oxygen can theoretically lead to electrochemical cells with the highest possible specific energy.
A lithium–air battery consists of a solid lithium electrode, an electrolyte surrounding this electrode, and an ambient air electrode containing oxygen. Current lithium–air batteries can be divided into four subcategories based on the electrolyte used and the subsequent electrochemical cell architecture.
Burning lithium metal produces lithium oxide. Lithium oxide forms along with small amounts of lithium peroxide when lithium metal is burned in the air and combines with oxygen at temperatures above 100 °C: [3] 4Li + O 2 → 2 Li 2 O. Pure Li 2 O can be produced by the thermal decomposition of lithium peroxide, Li 2 O 2, at 450 °C [3] [2] 2 Li ...
Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate, and is preferred over other alkaline hydroxides for its low weight. Lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2) in presence of moisture not only reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate, but also releases oxygen. [174] [175] The reaction is as follows:
This reaction initially produces lithium hydroperoxide: [4] [5] LiOH + H 2 O 2 → LiOOH + H 2 O. This lithium hydroperoxide may exist as lithium peroxide monoperoxohydrate trihydrate (Li 2 O 2 ·H 2 O 2 ·3H 2 O). Dehydration of this material gives the anhydrous peroxide salt: 2 LiOOH → Li 2 O 2 + H 2 O 2. Li 2 O 2 decomposes at about 450 ...
Lithium and fluorine are both extremely corrosive. Lithium ignites on contact with air, and fluorine ignites most fuels on contact, including hydrogen. Fluorine and the hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the exhaust are very toxic, which makes working around the launch pad difficult, damages the environment, and makes getting a launch license more ...
According to this, ExxonMobil will supply up to 100,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate from its planned U.S. project to LG Chem’s upcoming cathode plant in Tennessee, which is set to be the ...
[3]: 8 Many reactions of LiH with oxygen-containing species yield LiOH, which in turn irreversibly reacts with LiH at temperatures above 300 °C: [3]: 10 LiH + LiOH → Li 2 O + H 2. Lithium hydride is rather unreactive at moderate temperatures with O 2 or Cl 2. It is, therefore, used in the synthesis of other useful hydrides, [8] e.g.,