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  2. Serial dilution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_dilution

    Logarithmic dilution. A serial dilution is the step-wise dilution of a substance in solution, either by using a constant dilution factor, or by using a variable factor between dilutions. If the dilution factor at each step is constant, this results in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion.

  3. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    Fluorescein aqueous solutions, diluted from 10 000 to 1 part per million in intervals of ten-fold dilution. At 10 000 ppm the solution is a deep red colour. As the concentration decreases the colour becomes orange, then a vibrant yellow, with the final 1 ppm sample a very pale yellow.

  4. Dilution ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_ratio

    The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...

  5. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    A directorial republic is a government system with power divided among a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state and/or a head of government. Merchant republic: In the early Renaissance, a number of small, wealthy, trade-based city-states embraced republican ideals, notably across Italy and the Baltic.

  6. Virtual colony count - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_colony_count

    A 10-fold dilution series of this suspension was made ranging from 10 7 to 10 0 CFUv/ml in 200 μl total volume of PMH, occupying eight wells of the 96-well plate. At this time, cells exposed to no antimicrobial agent were added to several wells of the plate from the culture kept on ice; these are termed the "input" controls, since they ...

  7. 2024–present structural changes to local government in England

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024–present_structural...

    Proposed structural changes to local government in England were set out in the English devolution white paper published by the UK government on 16 December 2024. The white paper announced that where possible, there was a desire for existing two-tier area—where services are provided by both county councils and district councils—to be reorganised into a smaller number of unitary authorities ...

  8. Tris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris

    In general, a 10-fold increase in tris buffer concentration will lead to a 0.05 unit increase in pH and vice versa. [9] Silver-containing single-junction pH electrodes (e.g., silver chloride electrodes) are incompatible with tris since an Ag-tris precipitate forms which clogs the junction. Double-junction electrodes are resistant to this ...

  9. Fold change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_change

    There is an alternative definition of fold change, [citation needed] although this has generally fallen out of use. Here, fold change is defined as the ratio of the difference between final value and the initial value divided by the initial value. For quantities A and B, the fold change is given as (B − A)/A, or equivalently B/A − 1. This ...