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Indigo is a natural dye extracted from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world, particularly in Asia, with the production of indigo dyestuff economically important due to the historical rarity of other blue dyestuffs. [1]
Indigofera tinctoria [2], also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. Description.
Wrightia tinctoria, Pala indigo plant or dyer's oleander, [1] is a flowering plant species in the genus Wrightia found in India, southeast Asia and Australia. It is found in dry and moist regions in its distribution.
Indigofera galegoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to India, South East Asia, Malesia, and southern China. [1] It is a shrub usually 2 m (6 ft) high and indigo dye may be extracted from it by the same harvesting and processing methods as Indigofera tinctoria . [ 2 ]
Persicaria tinctoria is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family. Common names include Chinese indigo , Japanese indigo and dyer's knotweed . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is native to Eastern Europe and Asia.
The Indigofera tinctoria variety of Indigo was domesticated in India. [2] Indigo, used as a dye, made its way to the Greeks and the Romans via various trade routes, and was valued as a luxury product. [2] Jute cultivation – Jute has been cultivated in India since ancient times. [3]
The chemical aniline, from which many important dyes are derived, was first synthesized from Indigofera suffruticosa (syn. Indigofera anil, whence the name aniline). In Indonesia, the Sundanese use Indigofera tinctoria (known locally as tarum or nila) as dye for batik. Marco Polo was the first to report on the preparation of indigo in India.
Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. [1] The results of the extracts are either essential oils , absolutes , concretes , or butters , depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product.