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  2. Problem of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_induction

    An inductive argument affirms, not that a certain matter of fact is so, but that relative to certain evidence there is a probability in its favour. The validity of the induction, relative to the original evidence, is not upset, therefore, if, as a fact, the truth turns out to be otherwise.

  3. Argument from analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy

    Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, where perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has not been observed yet. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings try to understand the world and make decisions. [ 1 ]

  4. Mill's methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill's_Methods

    If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance save one in common, that one occurring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ, is the effect, or cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.

  5. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    A well-known issue in the field of inductive reasoning is the so-called problem of induction. It concerns the question of whether or why anyone is justified in believing the conclusions of inductive inferences. This problem was initially raised by David Hume, who holds that future events need not resemble past observations. In this regard ...

  6. Triviality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triviality_(mathematics)

    Trivial may also refer to any easy case of a proof, which for the sake of completeness cannot be ignored. For instance, proofs by mathematical induction have two parts: the "base case" which shows that the theorem is true for a particular initial value (such as n = 0 or n = 1), and the inductive step which shows that if the theorem is true for a certain value of n, then it is also true for the ...

  7. TikTok Ban Signed Into Law: What It Means For America's $15 ...

    www.aol.com/tiktok-ban-signed-law-means...

    TikTok will be banned in the United States on Jan. 19, 2025, after a federal appeals court rejected its bid to overturn the ban that President Biden signed in April. The law states that if TikTok ...

  8. Israeli hostages' families hold Central Park rally, call on ...

    www.aol.com/news/israeli-hostages-families-hold...

    Families of Israeli hostages held a rally in New York City's Central Park on Sunday, and called for President Biden and President-elect Trump to bring them home. "Seize the opportunity, seal the ...

  9. Backward induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_induction

    The prisoner described in the paradox uses backwards induction to reach a false conclusion. The description of the problem assumes it is possible to surprise someone who is performing backward induction. The mathematical theory of backward induction does not make this assumption, so the paradox does not call into question the results of this ...