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  2. SHA-2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2

    SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.

  3. Secure Hash Algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms

    SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.

  4. Message authentication code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code

    G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and the tag t. S and V must satisfy the following: Pr [ k ← G(1 n), V( k, x, S(k, x) ) = accepted] = 1. [5]

  5. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

    SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.

  6. Hash-based cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_cryptography

    The global public key is the single node at the very top of the Merkle tree. Its value is an output of the selected hash function, so a typical public key size is 32 bytes. The validity of this global public key is related to the validity of a given one-time public key using a sequence of tree nodes. This sequence is called the authentication path.

  7. Digital Signature Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm

    The algorithm uses a key pair consisting of a public key and a private key. The private key is used to generate a digital signature for a message, and such a signature can be verified by using the signer's corresponding public key.

  8. Comparison of cryptographic hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of...

    SHA-256 SHA-384 SHA-512: 2002 SHA-224: 2004 SHA-3 (Keccak) 2008 Guido Bertoni Joan Daemen Michaël Peeters Gilles Van Assche: RadioGatún: Website Specification: Streebog: 2012 FSB, InfoTeCS JSC RFC 6986: Tiger: 1995 Ross Anderson Eli Biham: Website Specification: Whirlpool: 2004 Vincent Rijmen Paulo Barreto: Website

  9. Public-key cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography

    Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key. [1] [2] Key pairs are generated with cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Security of public-key cryptography depends on keeping the private key secret; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security. [3]