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A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass. [2] Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, [3] absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with ...
A small amount of superabsorbent polymer material is taken (0.1g) and it is placed in the beaker. 100 ml of deionized water is poured into the beaker. After 20 min the swollen polymer was separated by using [filter paper] By weighing the polymer, one can find the swollen capacity of the SAP material. [3]
It acts as an interface to the surrounding environment. The bulk material in a solid is called the Bulk phase. The surface phase of a solid interacts with the surrounding environment. This interaction can degrade the surface phase over time. Environmental degradation of the surface phase over time can be caused by wear, corrosion, fatigue and ...
In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to ...
Contact angle, the angle at which a liquid droplet meets at a solid surface, is another way to characterize polymer surfaces. Contact angle (θ) is a measure of the wetting ability of the liquid on a solid surface. [4] Generally, due to low surface energy, liquids will not wet polymer surfaces and the contact angle will be greater than 90°. [3]
Liquid-solid fluidization has a number of applications in engineering [10] [11] The best-known application of liquid-solid fluidization is the backwash of granular filters using water. [12] [13] Fluidization has many applications with the use of ion exchange particles for the purification and processing of many industrial liquid streams ...
Super-absorbent polymers (SAP) similar to sodium polyacrylate were developed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [3] Before the development of these substances, the best water absorbing materials were cellulosic or fiber-based like tissue paper, sponge, cotton, or fluff pulp.
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.
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