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An aircraft approach category is a grouping which differentiates aircraft based on the speed at which the aircraft approaches a runway for landing. They are used to determine airspace, obstacle clearance and visibility requirements for instrument approaches . [ 1 ] :
Large aircraft approaching to land normally use a 3 degree approach path. [4] This is equivalent to 3.14 nautical miles per 1000 ft of descent. If exactly 3 nmi are allowed per 1000 ft of descent, the glide path will be 3.14 degrees.
An "approach plate" depicting an instrument approach procedure for an ILS approach to Tacoma Narrows Airport in the United StatesIn aviation, an instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point ...
An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...
An aircraft category is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization as a "classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics", for the purpose of personnel licensing. Examples of aircraft categories include aeroplanes, helicopters, gliders, or free balloons.
In the United States, only pilots may initiate a request for this type of approach; regulations prohibit air traffic control (ATC) from asking pilots to perform them. [2] A contact approach will only be issued if the aircraft operates clear of clouds with at least 1 statute mile (1.6 km) of flight visibility, with a reasonable expectation of continuing to the destination airport under those ...
The higher the speed of the aircraft, the easier it is to counteract the yawing moment using the aircraft's controls. [8] The minimum control speed is the airspeed below which the force the rudder or ailerons can apply to the aircraft is not large enough to counteract the asymmetrical thrust at a maximum power setting.
White space around the chart is filled with map information and the legend, scales, and tables of airport and airspace information. Terrain is color-coded for its elevation and major roads, cities, and bodies of water are shown for visual reference, as well as other identifiable structures (e.g., stadiums and water towers ).