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The origin and the timeline of the Pandya dynasty are difficult to establish. [9] The early Pandya chieftains ruled their country (Pandya Nadu) from the ancient period, which included the inland city of Madurai and the southern port of Korkai. [13] [14] The Pandyas are celebrated in the earliest available Tamil poetry (Sangam literature). [9]
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam (southern India), the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period (earlier than 200 BCE), most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence.
Chola Purva Patayam ("Ancient Chola Record"), a Tamil language manuscript of uncertain date, contains a legend about the divine origin of the three crowned kings. According to it, the Shramana king Shalivahana (also known as Bhoja in this story) defeated Vikramaditya , and started persecuting the worshipers of Shiva and Vishnu .
Before the early 14th-century rise of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Indian-Hindu states of the Deccan, the Yadava Empire of Devagiri, the Kakatiya Kingdom of Warangal, the Pandyan Empire of Madurai, and the tiny kingdom of Kampili had been repeatedly invaded by Muslims from the north, and by 1336 they had all been defeated by Alauddin Khalji and ...
The origin and the timeline of the Pandya dynasty are difficult to establish. The early Pandya chieftains ruled their country (Pandya Nadu) from the ancient period, which included the inland city of Madurai and the southern port of Korkai. The Pandyas are celebrated in the earliest available Tamil poetry (Sangam literature").
Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506 CE) Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499 CE) Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543 CE) Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552 CE) Nelveli Maran (1552–1564 CE) Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604 CE) Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612 CE) Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618 CE)
The head of the government was the king, a hereditary monarch, who ruled with unaided discretion. [1] The ascension to the throne was normally hereditary, sometimes through usurpation and occasionally based on unusual methods of choosing a king such as sending out the royal elephant to select a person of its choice by garlanding them.
Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463) Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473) Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506) Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499) Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543) Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552) Nelveli Maran (1552–1564) Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)