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Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
SAAM may affect people after long-term statin use even if they had no previous muscular side effects. [4] A differentiating feature between this and more benign statin side effects is SAAM typically has a late onset. While muscle pain (myalgia) is seen in 9-20% of patients treated with statins, it typically occurs in the first month of treatment.
The rate at which such events occur has been widely debated, in part because the risk/benefit ratio of statins in low-risk populations is highly dependent on the rate of adverse events. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] A Cochrane meta-analysis of statin clinical trials in primary prevention found no evidence of excess adverse events among those treated ...
While it’s important to treat heart disease risks before a first event, statins can cause side effects for some, including muscle pain, headaches, sleep problems and digestive problems.
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Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7] Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family. [8] [9] Myostatin is assembled and produced in skeletal muscle before it is released into the blood stream. [10]
Statins are pleiotropic drugs, meaning that they affect the body in ways beyond their primary indication. It is now widely accepted that they have anti-inflammatory effects.
Common types of myopathy due to statins include myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Statins induce myopathy by inhibiting protein synthesis within the muscle. [6] Statin therapy tends to not show any histopathological differences, and thus a biopsy does not reveal too much about the damage. Often, the damage is found within the mitochondria.