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Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), also known as complicated grief (CG), [1] traumatic grief (TG) [2] and persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) in the DSM-5, [3] is a mental disorder consisting of a distinct set of symptoms following the death of a family member or close friend (i.e. bereavement).
Grief is the response to the loss of something deemed important, particularly to the death of a person or other living thing to which a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical dimensions.
The levels of grief and bereavement differ among children, including uncomplicated and complicated bereavement. [2] Unlike adults, children may experience and express their grief and bereavement through behaviors , and are less likely to outwardly express their emotions . [ 3 ]
Grief counseling is commonly recommended for individuals who experience difficulties dealing with a personally significant loss. Grief counseling facilitates expression of emotion and thought about the loss, including their feeling sad, anxious, angry, lonely, guilty, relieved, isolated, confused etc.
Ambiguous loss is a loss that occurs without a significant likelihood of reaching emotional closure or a clear understanding. [1] [2] This kind of loss leaves a person searching for answers, and thus complicates and delays the process of grieving, and often results in unresolved grief.
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, cPTSD, or hyphenated C-PTSD) is a stress-related mental and behavioral disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas [1] (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events, from which one sees little or no chance to escape).
Although there are overlapping symptoms, uncomplicated grief can be distinguished from a full depressive episode. [16] Major depression tends to be more pervasive and is characterized by significant difficulty in experiencing self-validating and positive feelings.
The delayed grief may manifest as any of the reactions in normal grief: pangs of intense yearning, spasms of distress, short bouts of hysterical laughter, tearful or uncontrolled sobbing, feeling of hopelessness, restlessness, insomnia, preoccupation with thoughts about the loved one, extreme and unexplained anger, or general feelings of ...