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2. Vowel length - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length

   U+0306. In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration. In some languages vowel length is an important phonemic factor, meaning vowel length can change the meaning of the word, for example in Arabic, Czech, Dravidian languages (such as Tamil), some Finno-Ugric languages ...

3. Phonics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

   Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

4. Vowel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel

   There are two complementary definitions of vowel, one phonetic and the other phonological.. In the phonetic definition, a vowel is a sound, such as the English "ah" / ɑː / or "oh" / oʊ /, produced with an open vocal tract; it is median (the air escapes along the middle of the tongue), oral (at least some of the airflow must escape through the mouth), frictionless and continuant. [4]

5. Diphthong - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong

   In some languages, diphthongs are single phonemes, while in others they are analyzed as sequences of two vowels, or of a vowel and a semivowel. Sound changes. [edit] Certain sound changes relate to diphthongs and monophthongs. Vowel breakingor diphthongization is a vowel shiftin which a monophthong becomes a diphthong.

6. Phonological history of English vowels - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

   The cot–caught merger is a phonemic merger that occurs in some varieties of English causing the vowel in words like cot, rock, and doll to be pronounced the same as the vowel in the words caught, talk, law, and small. The psalm – sum merger is a phenomenon occurring in Singaporean English where the phonemes /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ are both pronounced ...

7. Phonological history of English close front vowels - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

   Until Great Vowel Shift. [edit] Middle English had a long close front vowel /iː/, and two long mid front vowels: the close-mid /eː/ and the open-mid /ɛː/. The three vowels generally correspond to the modern spellings i , ee and ea respectively, but other spellings are also possible. The spellings that became established in Early Modern ...