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In natural language processing, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a Bayesian network (and, therefore, a generative statistical model) for modeling automatically extracted topics in textual corpora. The LDA is an example of a Bayesian topic model. In this, observations (e.g., words) are collected into documents, and each word's presence is ...
Andrew Yan-Tak Ng (Chinese : 吳恩達; born 1976) is a British-American computer scientist and technology entrepreneur focusing on machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). [ 2 ] Ng was a cofounder and head of Google Brain and was the former Chief Scientist at Baidu, building the company's Artificial Intelligence Group into a team of ...
Attention is a machine learning method that determines the relative importance of each component in a sequence relative to the other components in that sequence. In natural language processing, importance is represented by "soft" weights assigned to each word in a sentence. More generally, attention encodes vectors called token embeddings ...
A standard Transformer architecture, showing on the left an encoder, and on the right a decoder. Note: it uses the pre-LN convention, which is different from the post-LN convention used in the original 2017 Transformer. A transformer is a deep learning architecture developed by researchers at Google and based on the multi-head attention ...
P ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle P (X,Y)} on a given observable variable X and target variable Y; [1] A generative model can be used to "generate" random instances (outcomes) of an observation x. [2] A discriminative model is a model of the conditional probability. P ( Y ∣ X = x ) {\displaystyle P (Y\mid X=x)} of the target Y, given an observation x.
e. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent ought to take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize the cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and ...
A linked list is a sequence of nodes that contain two fields: data (an integer value here as an example) and a link to the next node. The last node is linked to a terminator used to signify the end of the list. In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to machine learning: Machine learning – a subfield of soft computing within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence. [ 1 ] In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of ...