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For example, Manning et al. conducted a study in house mice that looked at the species's behavior of communal nesting, or nursing one's own pups as well as the pups of other individuals. As Manning et al. state, kin selection theory predicts that the house mice will selectively nurse the pups of their relatives in order to maximize inclusive ...
However certain natural constraints act to limit the evolution of inbreeding avoidance, particularly when there is a risk of mating with a partner of a different species (heterospecific mating) and losing fitness through hybridization. [16] Inclusive fitness appears to be maximized in matings of intermediately related individuals. [17]
Kin recognition, also called kin detection, is an organism's ability to distinguish between close genetic kin and non-kin.In evolutionary biology and psychology, such an ability is presumed to have evolved for inbreeding avoidance, [1] though animals do not typically avoid inbreeding.
The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. [6] [7] Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, [8] but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding ...
"The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. The latter project led to the development of the DBA strain of mice, now widely distributed as the two major sub-strains DBA/1 and DBA/2, which were separated in 1929-1930.
Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating have been described. However, inbreeding avoidance mechanisms that operate subsequent to copulation are less well known. In guppies, a post-copulatory mechanism of inbreeding avoidance occurs based on competition between sperm of rival males for achieving fertilization. [55]
Examples. A study done on prairie rattlesnakes , Crotalus viridis , indicates that males who maintain a constant search for females over fixed areas tend to be more successful in copulating. This population is very male-biased, so males had to focus more on locating a mate and were less concerned with male-male competition. [ 20 ]
The Bruce effect, or pregnancy block, [1] [2] is the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male. [3] The effect was first noted in 1959 by Hilda M. Bruce, [4] and has primarily been studied in laboratory mice (Mus musculus). [1]