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The knights owed the king military service in return. The knights were allowed to "buy out" of the military service by paying scutage (a term derived from Latin scutum , " shield "). As time passed the kings began to impose a scutage on holders of knight's fees, whether or not the holder was actually a knight.
Magna Carta Cotton MS. Augustus II. 106, one of four surviving exemplifications of the 1215 text Created 1215 ; 810 years ago (1215) Location Two at the British Library ; one each in Lincoln Castle and in Salisbury Cathedral Author(s) John, King of England His barons Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury Purpose Peace treaty Full text Magna Carta at Wikisource Part of the Politics series ...
King John signs Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215, surrounded by his baronage.Illustration from Cassell's History of England, 1902.. In the kingdom of England, a feudal barony or barony by tenure was the highest degree of feudal land tenure, namely per baroniam (Latin for "by barony"), under which the land-holder owed the service of being one of the king's barons.
The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners (commonly referred to as barons) led by Robert Fitzwalter waged war against King John of England.
The principle of commuting for the obligation of military service into payments struck at the root of the whole system. The change of conception was so complete, that tenure by knight-service of a mesne lord becomes, first in fact and then in law, a tenure by escuage (i.e. scutage).
King John of England signs Magna Carta at Runnymede (near Windsor) (1864) John I's campaign against the Barons from September 1215 to March 1216 in England. Year 1215 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
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By castle-guard – A specialized form of military service in which the tenant was required to guard a designated castle for a specified number of days per year. By scutage – A tenure in which the military service obligation had been commuted to monetary payments. This became increasingly common during the decline of the feudal era, marking a ...