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Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis.
Episcleritis is a common condition, and is characterized by the abrupt onset of painless eye redness. There are two types of episcleritis, nodular and simple. Nodular episcleritis lesions have raised surface. Simple episcleritis lesions are flat. There are two subtypes. In diffuse simple episcleritis, inflammation is generalized.
A review of treatments showed that the anti-mite drug ivermectin can be an effective treatment for reducing symptoms. [24] Eye drops or ointments containing corticosteroids are frequently used in conjunction with antibiotics and can reduce eyelid inflammation. [4] [5] [25] The supplement n-acetylcysteine may be effective for blepharitis. [26]
Primary sites of inflammation include the vitreous of which other such entities as pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis are encompassed. Intermediate uveitis may either be an isolated eye disease or associated with the development of a systemic disease such as multiple sclerosis or sarcoidosis. As such, intermediate uveitis may be ...
Orbital cellulitis is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum. It is most commonly caused by an acute spread of infection into the eye socket from either the adjacent sinuses or through the blood. It may also occur after trauma. When it affects the rear of the eye, it is known as retro-orbital cellulitis.
Iridocyclitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body with inflammation predominantly confined to the ciliary body. Between 66% and 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (iritis). [4] This condition can occur as a single episode and subside with proper treatment or may take on a recurrent or chronic nature.
If there is an underlying cause, treatment should be given based on the disease. Non specific treatment measures include cycloplegics , corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs . [ 2 ] The biologic drugs that are currently used in treatment of panuveitis include anti tumor necrosis factor , cytokine receptor antibodies and interferon-α .
Symptoms include blurred vision in both eyes, but the onset may occur at a different time in each eye. There are yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Some suggest a genetic predisposition to the disease, while others postulate an abnormal immune response to a virus. [2]