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It is under development by Cara Therapeutics as an intravenous agent for the treatment of postoperative pain. [10] [11] [13] An oral formulation has also been developed. [13]Due to its peripheral selectivity, difelikefalin lacks the central side effects like sedation, dysphoria, and hallucinations of previous KOR-acting analgesics such as pentazocine and phenazocine.
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
"Pain ladder", or analgesic ladder, was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a guideline for the use of drugs in the management of pain. Originally published in 1986 for the management of cancer pain , it is now widely used by medical professionals for the management of all types of pain .
Peptide therapeutics are peptides or polypeptides (oligomers or short polymers of amino acids) which are used to for the treatment of diseases. Naturally occurring peptides may serve as hormones , growth factors , neurotransmitters , ion channel ligands , and anti-infectives ; peptide therapeutics mimic such functions.
Several monoclonal antibodies that bind to the CGRP receptor or peptide have been approved for prevention of migraine. [2] Nerve activation triggers the release of CGRP and other neuropeptides, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. Three small molecule CGRPR antagonists are approved in the U.S. as antimigraine agents.
Endomorphins are considered to be natural opioid neuropeptides central to pain relief. [1] The two known endomorphins, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, are tetrapeptides, consisting of Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe and Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe amino acid sequences respectively. [2]
Most type 2 diabetes injections for weight loss are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. These drugs mimic the GLP-1 hormone, which is made in your gastrointestinal tract when you ...
Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) also known as incretin mimetics. [6] It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and decreases excessive glucagon release. [6] Common side effects include low blood sugar, nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, and pain at the site of injection.