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The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry.It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" (a term reflecting the ceremonial "acception" process that made non-stone masons members of an operative ...
Since the office was established in 1789, 45 individuals have served as president of the United States. [a] Of these, 15, [1] including Lyndon Johnson who took only the First Degree, are known to have been Freemasons, beginning with the nation's first president, George Washington, and most recently the 38th president, Gerald R. Ford.
Freemasonry in the United States is the history of Freemasonry as it was introduced from Britain and continues as a major secret society to the present day. It is a fraternal order that brings men together (and women through its auxiliaries) to gain friendship and opportunity for advancement and community progress.
Robert S. Beightler (1892–1978), U.S. Army major general and Ohio political insider [10] Jonathan Belcher (1681/2–1757), merchant, businessman, and politician from the Province of Massachusetts Bay during the American colonial period. Served simultaneously for over a decade as colonial governor of the British colonies of New Hampshire (1729 ...
Hundreds of conspiracy theories about Freemasonry have been described since the late 18th century. [1] Usually, these theories fall into three distinct categories: political (usually involving allegations of control of government, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom), religious (usually involving allegations of anti-Christian or Satanic beliefs or practices), and cultural ...
Support for the Front National political party and its former leader, Jean-Marie le Pen, who is on the far right of the French political spectrum. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In 1985, Lefebvre was quoted in the French far-right periodical Présent as endorsing Jean-Marie Le Pen , though his endorsement was made on the basis that Le Pen was the only major ...
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The Anti-Masonic Party was the earliest third party in the United States. [11] Formally a single-issue party, it strongly opposed Freemasonry in the United States.It was active from the late 1820s, especially in the Northeast, and later attempted to become a major party by expanding its platform to take positions on other issues.