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  2. Ad hoc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc

    Common examples include ad hoc committees and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task, and the term is often used to describe arbitration (ad hoc arbitration). In other fields, the term could refer to a military unit created under special circumstances (see task force), a handcrafted network protocol (e.g ...

  3. Ad hoc hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc_hypothesis

    In science and philosophy, an ad hoc hypothesis is a hypothesis added to a theory in order to save it from being falsified.. For example, a person that wants to believe in leprechauns can avoid ever being proven wrong by using ad hoc hypotheses (e.g., by adding "they are invisible", then "their motives are complex", and so on).

  4. Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_but_significant_and...

    In 1982 the U.S. Department of Justice Merger Guidelines introduced the SSNIP test as a new method for defining markets and for measuring market power directly. In the EU it was used for the first time in the Nestlé/Perrier case in 1992 and has been officially recognized by the European Commission in its "Commission's Notice for the Definition of the Relevant Market" in 1997.

  5. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...

  6. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  7. Task force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_force

    Task groups within a force are numbered by an additional digit separated from the TF number by a decimal point. Task units within a group are indicated by an additional decimal. For example, "the third task unit of the fifth task group of the second task force of the Sixth Fleet would be numbered 62.5.3."

  8. Ad hoc (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc_(disambiguation)

    Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning "to this". Ad hoc or Ad Hoc may also refer to: Ad Hoc at Home, a 2009 cookbook by Thomas Keller and Dave Cruz; Ad hoc hypothesis, a sometimes dubious method of dealing with anomalies in philosophy and science; Ad hoc network, a type of technology which allows network communications on an ad hoc basis; Ad Hoc ...

  9. Market (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_(economics)

    Market size can be given in terms of the number of buyers and sellers in a particular market [61] or in terms of the total exchange of money in the market, generally annually (per year). When given in terms of money, market size is often termed "market value", but in a sense distinct from market value of individual products. For one and the ...