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Cat flu is the common name for a feline upper respiratory disease, which can be caused by one or more possible pathogens: Feline herpes virus, causing feline viral rhinotracheitis (cat common cold; this is the disease most associated with the "cat flu" misnomer), Feline calicivirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica (cat kennel cough), or
Influenza A virus structure. The influenzavirus virion is pleomorphic; the viral envelope can occur in spherical and filamentous forms. In general, the virus's morphology is ellipsoidal with particles 100–120 nm in diameter, or filamentous with particles 80–100 nm in diameter and up to 20 μm long. [5]
The virus is shed in saliva and eye and nasal secretions, and can also be spread by fomites. FVR has a two- to five-day incubation period. [3] The virus is shed for one to three weeks postinfection. [4] Latently infected cats (carriers) will shed FHV-1 intermittently for life, with the virus persisting within the trigeminal ganglion.
The M1 protein is a matrix protein of the influenza virus. It forms a coat inside the viral envelope. This is a bifunctional membrane/RNA-binding protein that mediates the encapsidation of nucleoprotein cores into the membrane envelope. It is therefore required that M1 binds both membrane and RNA simultaneously. [1] The M1 protein binds to the ...
3D model of the flu virion. (M2 labeled in white.) The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective viroporin, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus. The channel itself is a homotetramer (consists of four identical M2 units), where the units are helices stabilized by two disulfide bonds, and is activated by low pH.
Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a structural protein which encapsidates the negative strand viral RNA.NP is one of the main determinants of species specificity. The question of how far the NP gene can cross the species barrier by reassortment and become adapted by mutation to the new host has been discussed.
Cats with avian influenza exhibit symptoms that can result in death. The avian influenza viruses cats may get include H5N1 or H7N2, [ 1 ] notable pathogenic subtypes of the virus. In order to get the virus, a cat would need to be in contact with infected waterfowl, poultry, or uncooked poultry. [ 2 ]
Two key processes that influenza viruses evolve through are antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Antigenic drift is when an influenza virus' antigens change due to the gradual accumulation of mutations in the antigen's (HA or NA) gene. [19] This can occur in response to evolutionary pressure exerted by the host immune response. Antigenic drift ...