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The Old Testament consistently uses three primary words to describe the parts of man: basar (flesh), which refers to the external, material aspect of man (mostly in emphasizing human frailty); nephesh, which refers to the soul as well as the whole person or life; and ruach which is used to refer to the human spirit (ruach can mean "wind", "breath", or "spirit" depending on the context; cf ...
The primary meaning of the term נפש is 'the breath of life' instinct in the nostrils of all living beings, and by extension 'life', 'person' or 'very self'. There is no term in English corresponding to nephesh, and the (Christian) ' soul ', which has quite different connotations is nonetheless customarily used to translate it.
The concept of an immaterial soul separate from and surviving the body is common today but according to modern scholars, it was not found in ancient Hebrew beliefs. [1] The word nephesh never means an immortal soul [27] or an incorporeal part of the human being [28] that can survive death of the body as the spirit of the dead. [29]
Although the Holy Spirit is often named instead of God, [10] it was conceived as being something distinct. The Spirit was among the ten things that were created on the first day. [11] Though the nature of the Holy Spirit is really nowhere described, the name indicates that it was conceived as a kind of wind that became manifest through noise ...
In philosophy and religion, spirit is the vital principle or animating essence within humans or, in some views, all living things.Although views of spirit vary between different belief systems, when spirit is contrasted with the soul, the former is often seen as a basic natural force, principle or substance, whereas the latter is used to describe the organized structure of an individual being ...
The Modern English noun soul is derived from Old English sāwol, sāwel.The earliest attestations reported in the Oxford English Dictionary are from the 8th century. In King Alfred's translation of De Consolatione Philosophiae, it is used to refer to the immaterial, spiritual, or thinking aspect of a person, as contrasted with the person's physical body; in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, it ...
Spirit, a mood, usually in reference to a good mood or optimism ("high spirits") Spirit, a feeling of social cohesiveness and mutual support, such as: School spirit , a sense of a supportive community at an educational institution
The term spirit means "animating or vital principle in man and animals". [web 1] It is derived from the Old French espirit, which comes from the Latin word spiritus (soul, ghost, courage, vigor, breath) and is related to spirare (to breathe). In the Vulgate, the Latin word spiritus is used to translate the Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruach. [web 1]