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Society and culture of the Victorian era refers to society and culture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era--that is the 1837-1901 reign of Queen Victoria.. The idea of "reform" was a motivating force, as seen in the political activity of religious groups and the newly formed labour unions.
In the early Victorian era (see Poor Law), poverty was seen as a dishonourable state. As depicted by Charles Dickens, a workhouse could resemble a reformatory, often housing whole families, or a penal labour regime giving manual work to the indigent and subjecting them to physical punishment. [2]
Hunger and poor diet was a common aspect of life across the UK in the Victorian period, especially in the 1840s, but the mass starvation seen in the Great Famine in Ireland was unique. [87] [85] Levels of poverty fell significantly during the 19th century from as much as two thirds of the population in 1800 to less than a third by 1901. However ...
Household and Family among the Poor: The Case of Two Essex Communities in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries. 1993. Solar, Peter M. "'Poor Relief and English Economic Development before the Industrial Revolution'." Economic History Review, 2nd series 48 (1995): 1–22.
The 'Red House' at Framlingham Castle in Suffolk was founded as a workhouse in 1664. [6] " The workroom at St James's workhouse", from The Microcosm of London (1808). The workhouse system evolved in the 17th century, allowing parishes to reduce the cost to ratepayers of providing poor relief.
Another factor which created rookeries was the lack of building regulations, or at times the ignorance of such by construction workers. Middle-class houses were too large for single working-class families, so they were often sub-divided to accommodate multiple households - a factor which ran these homes into noise and ruin. [2]
The children of the poor were expected to help towards the family budget, often working long hours in dangerous jobs for low wages. [17] Agile boys were employed by the chimney sweeps; small children were employed to scramble under machinery to retrieve cotton bobbins; and children were also employed to work in coal mines , crawling through ...
Prince Albert's Model Cottage was the name given to a model dwelling designed in the mid-19th century to offer an improved form of accommodation for poor families in England. It was supported by Prince Albert , husband of Queen Victoria , designed by architect Henry Roberts , and built by the Society for Improving the Conditions of the ...