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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
In the history of contemporary Spain, the death of caudillo Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975 marked the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, the establishment of the parliamentary monarchy and the subsequent accession of King Juan Carlos I to the throne.
It is one of the key events in the Spanish Transition. The Act was passed on 18 November 1976, by the Francoist Parliament and then overwhelmingly approved by referendum one month later. It was the last of the Fundamental Laws of the Francoist State. [3] Six months later, Spain celebrated its first democratic elections since 1936. [4]
The Political Reform Act (Spanish: Ley 1/1977 de 4 de enero) was the last of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and was approved by the Cortes on 18 November 1976.Its aim was to move away from the dictatorship of the Franco era and turn Spain into a constitutional monarchy with a parliament system based on representative democracy.
The transition to democracy took place in the early years of his reign, making Spain no longer the only non-communist dictatorship left in Europe. The new king assumed the project of the reformist sector of Franco's political elite that, facing the conservatives, defended the need to introduce gradual changes in the fundamental laws so that the new monarchy would be accepted in Europe as a whole.
The 1977 Spanish general election was held on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the Spanish Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate. It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.
Perhaps the most significant change in Spanish social values, however, was the role of women in society, which, in turn, was related to the nature of the family.Spanish society, for centuries, had embraced a code of moral values that established stringent standards of sexual conduct for women (but not for men); restricted the opportunities for professional careers for women, but honored their ...
The Law for Political Reform (Ley de Reforma Política) of 1977, last of the Fundamental Laws and passed after Franco's death, started the Spanish transition to democracy. Constitution of 1978: 1978–present Constitutional monarchy Parliamentary democracy with bicameral, elective parliament. Currently in force.