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The Albigensian Crusade (French: Croisade des albigeois), also known as the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229), was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political aspect.
The immediate cause of the crusade was the killing of the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau. [3] The retinue of professional soldiers, mercenary bands , and pilgrims, assembled and departed from Lyon in early July 1209, beginning the Albigensian Crusade. [4]
Raymond argued successfully for city freedoms, extended exemptions from taxation, and protection of the communal territory from the church. Not wanting to target his Cathar vassals, he also defended, albeit with less success—since it became one of the causes of the Albigensian Crusade—the idea of religious freedom.
Nevertheless, Pope Innocent III held Raymond responsible and Pierre's murder was the immediate cause of Raymond's excommunication and the start of the Albigensian Crusade. [7] [8] Pierre was beatified, through papal order, in 1208 by Pope Innocent III. [9] The relics of Pierre de Castelnau are interred in the church of the ancient Abbey of St ...
The siege of Avignon was the principal military action of the Albigensian Crusade of 1226. King Louis VIII of France besieged the town of Avignon, which lay within the Holy Roman Empire, from 10 June until 9 September, when it surrendered on terms.
The Battle of Muret (Occitan: Batalha de Murèth), fought on 12 September 1213 near Muret, 25 km south of Toulouse, was the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade and one of the most notable pitched battles of the Middle Ages.
At the same time, the Albigensian Crusade raged and Inquisitors were given special powers by Honorius III which allowed them to examine even the exempted and protected orders of the Templars, Hospitallers and Cistercians in cases where heresy was suspected. At the end of the Albigensian Crusade, these special powers were never revoked but ...
Albigensian Crusade. The Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229), or Cathar Crusade, was the first of the so-called religious crusades and was conducted against the Cathars in southern France. The 20-year campaign was successful.