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The Albigensian Crusade (French: Croisade des albigeois), also known as the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229), was a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political aspect.
The Battle of Muret (Occitan: Batalha de Murèth), fought on 12 September 1213 near Muret, 25 km south of Toulouse, was the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade and one of the most notable pitched battles of the Middle Ages.
Catharism (/ ˈ k æ θ ər ɪ z əm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized: katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3]
The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge. ISBN 1-84383-129-5. Madaule, Jacques (1967). The Albigensian Crusade: An Historical Essay. Fordham University Press. Oldenbourg, Zoe (2015). Massacre At Montsegur: A History Of The Albigensian Crusade. Hachette UK. Ryan, James D. (2004).
The immediate cause of the crusade was the killing of the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau. [3] The retinue of professional soldiers, mercenary bands ( routiers ), and pilgrims , assembled and departed from Lyon in early July 1209, beginning the Albigensian Crusade.
Western Europe in the Middle Ages: a Short History (1955) – a brief version of the above, reprinted in later editions. The Interpretation of History (1950) The Course of Civilization (1961) Feudalism (1965) On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State (1970) Medieval statecraft and the perspectives of history (1971) The Albigensian Crusade (1972)
The Cathars: Christian Dualists in the Middle Ages. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-582-256613. Costen, Michael D. (1997). The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-4331-X. sacraments. Falk, Avner (2010). Franks and Saracens: Reality and Fantasy in the Crusades.
The Albigensian Crusade was a ... Historical parallelism and the tradition of drawing inspiration from the Middle Ages have become keystones of political ...