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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. [1]
With AMML being difficult to fully treat, the five-year survival rate is about 38-72% which typically decrease to 35-60% if there's no bone marrow transplantation performed. [11] Generally older patients over 60 have a poor outlook due to prior health status before the diagnosis and the aggressive chemotherapy regimen used. [ 13 ]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia was first characterized in 1957 [4] [5] by French and Norwegian physicians as a hyperacute fatal illness, [3] with a median survival time of less than a week. [6] Today, prognoses have drastically improved; 10-year survival rates are estimated to be approximately 80-90% according to one study. [7] [6] [8]
The survival rate for children under the age of 15 years with AML was 66.4% in the USA between 2007 and 2013. This is lower than the rates for ALL. [29] Prognostic factors for AML: Age at diagnosis: Children under 2 years old may have a better prognosis than older children. However, how strong this link is is unclear.
Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia. In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow. There is an overproduction of monocytes that the body does not need in the periphery.
Five-year survival rate was 67% in the United States in the period from 2014 to 2020. [4] In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. [13] In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the cancer is unlikely to ...
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Survival rates for most childhood cancers have improved, with a notable improvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the most common childhood cancer). Due to improved treatment, the 5-year survival rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia has increased from less than 10% in the 1960s to about 90% during the time period 2003-2009.
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