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Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth. [2] Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. [ 6 ]
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is an emergency and potential cause of fatality. Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal death. [2]
These drugs are taken upon expression of identifiable risk factors of perinatal stroke such as multiple cerebral emboli or severe thrombophilia. [43] Examples of anticoagulants used are heparin and aspirin. [7] Some common side effects of anticoagulants are low platelet counts, gastrointestinal bleeding or stomach ulcers. [44] [45]
Used in postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony not controlled by other methods. One study has shown that carboprost tromethamine is more effective than oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery. [2] Carboprost was the first drug widely used for medication abortions.
Abnormal bleeding after delivery, or postpartum hemorrhage, is the loss of greater than 500 ml of blood following vaginal delivery, or 1000 ml of blood following cesarean section. Other definitions of excessive postpartum bleeding are hemodynamic instability, drop of hemoglobin of more than 10%, [12] or requiring blood transfusion. In the ...
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin medication used to prevent and treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, induce labor, cause an abortion, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus. [10] [11] It is taken by mouth when used to prevent gastric ulcers in people taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). [11]
A total of two points indicates short-term prophylaxis, e.g. with LMWH, may be used in temporary risk factors, as well as administering prophylactic treatment seven days postpartum, starting a couple of hours after birth. [9] A total of 3 points increases the necessary duration of post partum prophylaxis to six weeks. [9]
Tranexamic acid is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation. [6] [7] It is also used for hereditary angioedema. [6] [2] It is taken either by mouth, injection into a vein, [6] or by intramuscular injection.