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  2. Gastrolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrolith

    A gastrolith, also called a stomach stone or gizzard stone, is a rock held inside a gastrointestinal tract. Gastroliths in some species are retained in the muscular gizzard and used to grind food in animals lacking suitable grinding teeth. In other species the rocks are ingested and pass through the digestive system and are frequently replaced.

  3. Gizzard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizzard

    This is the secretory part of the stomach. Then the food passes into the gizzard (also known as the muscular stomach or ventriculus). The gizzard can grind the food with previously swallowed grit and pass it back to the true stomach, and vice versa. In layman's terms, the gizzard 'chews' the food for the bird because it does not have teeth to ...

  4. Catarrh - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catarrh

    Catarrh (/ k ə ˈ t ɑːr / kə-TAR) is an inflammation of mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, [1] [2] usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses. It can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection.

  5. Alexis St. Martin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_St._Martin

    Alexis Bidagan dit St-Martin (April 8, 1802 [a] – June 24, 1880) was a Canadian voyageur who is known for his part in experiments on digestion in humans, conducted on him by the American Army physician William Beaumont between 1822 and 1833.

  6. Phytobezoar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytobezoar

    A specific type of phytobezoar, termed a diospyrobezoar, is associated with ingestion of unripe persimmons, which contain a soluble tannin called shibuol that polymerizes into a coagulative cellulose-protein compound in the acid environment of the stomach, to form the bezoar. [3]

  7. Enterolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterolith

    In humans, enteroliths are rare and may be difficult to distinguish from gall stones.Their chemical composition is diverse, and rarely can a nidus be found. A differential diagnosis of an enterolith requires the enterolith, a normal gallbladder, and a diverticulum.

  8. Calabash chalk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabash_Chalk

    Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring material composed of fossilized sea shells. However, it can be prepared artificially by combining clay, sand, wood ash and even salt. By molding and heating this mixture, the calabash chalk is obtained. [5] It is available as a powder, a molded shape or a block. [4] [5]

  9. Heliotrope (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)

    Setonite, also called African bloodstone, is composed of red jasper, grey chalcedony, and pyrite. Dragon's Blood, sometimes called Australian bloodstone, is composed of red jasper and green epidote. The name heliotrope derives from ancient beliefs about the manner in which the mineral reflects light.