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The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) [a] is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and is its legal successor. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km 2 (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 246,200,194. The CIS encourages cooperation in ...
Federal Charter of 1291 Old Swiss Confederacy on 1637 map Old Swiss Confederacy in the 18th century. The (Alte) Eidgenossenschaft was initially united not by a single pact, but by overlapping pacts and bilateral treaties between members. [11] The parties generally agreed to preserve the peace, aid in military endeavours and arbitrate disputes.
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognised as a national minority .
Map of the Helvetic Republic (1798) Map of Switzerland in 1815 New cantons were added only in the modern period, during 1803–1815; this mostly concerned former subject territories now recognized as full cantons (such as Vaud, Ticino and Aargau), and the full integration of territories that had been more loosely allied to the Confederacy (such as Geneva, Valais and Grisons).
The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the Waldstätte. Two important periods in the development of the Old Swiss Confederacy are summarized by the terms Acht Orte ('Eight Cantons'; from 1353 to 1481) and Dreizehn Orte ('Thirteen Cantons', from 1513 to 1798). [2]
A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. [1] Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members.
Following the Thirty Years' War, as France grew into a great power in Europe, the newly independent Confederation turned to France for trade and protection. In 1663, the Confederation agreed to a new treaty with France which granted Swiss mercenaries certain rights and protections as well as promised French neutrality in Swiss religious ...
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was founded by an Agreement on the creation the Commonwealth of Independent States (Соглашение о создании Содружества Независимых Государств) signed on 8 December 1991 by Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. [12]