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Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent , using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science , and torturing people under the guise of research.
A subject of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment has his blood drawn, c. 1953.. Numerous experiments which were performed on human test subjects in the United States in the past are now considered to have been unethical, because they were performed without the knowledge or informed consent of the test subjects. [1]
In response to the criticism of unethical human experimentation, the Weimar Republic (Germany's government from 1919 to 1933) issued "Guidelines for New Therapy and Human Experimentation". The guidelines were based on beneficence and non-maleficence , but also stressed the legal doctrine of informed consent .
The experiments continued until 1977, when the state called for all human subject research at state prisons to stop. None of the subjects had medical conditions that would have benefited from the ...
Beecher's findings were not alone. Evidence emerged that soon after the introduction of nuclear weapons, soldiers and civilians were subjected to potentially dangerous levels of radiation – without consent – to test its health effects (see Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments and human radiation experiments in the United States).
One of the earliest models for ethical human experimentation, preceding the Nuremberg Code, was established in 1931. [4] In the Weimar Republic of 20th century pre-Nazi Germany, the entity known as Reichsgesundheitsamt [5] (translating roughly to National Health Service), under the Ministry of the Interior [6] formulated a list of 14 points detailing these ethical principles.
Nazi human experimentation – Unethical experiments on human subjects; Non-human primate experiments – Experimentation using other primate animals; Statistical unit – Individual entity for statistical purposes; Unethical human experimentation in the United States – Experiments that were performed on humans in the US that are deemed unethical
Even untrained humans can decipher ape communication, including gestures related to grooming and sex, according to a new study published on Jan. 24 in the journal PLOS Biology.