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Ngo Minh Hieu (also known as Hieu PC; born October 8, 1989) is a Vietnamese cyber security specialist and a former hacker and identity thief.He was convicted in the United States of stealing millions of people's personally identifiable information and in 2015 he was sentenced to 13 years in U.S. federal prison. [2]
A silver Phi Long coin of 1 tiền issued under the Minh Mạng Emperor in 1833. The term tiền (chữ Hán: 錢) is used to refer to various currency-related concepts used in Vietnamese history. The name is a cognate with the Chinese qián (錢), a unit of weight called "mace" in English.
The sapèqueries of Đại Nam under Emperor Tự Đức were operated by the Hanoi Office of Current Money (河內通寶局, "Hà-Nội Thông Bảo Cục") which replaced the former Office of Currency (Bảo Tuyền Cục) and the Capital Office of Currency (Bảo Hoá Kinh Cục), and the main sapèqueries were located in Huế while mints were also in operation in Hanoi, Sơn Tây, and ...
The seal contains the inscriptions "Minh Mạng tứ niên nhị nguyệt sơ tứ nhật cát thời chú tạo" indicating its date of creation and "Thập thành hoàng kim, trọng nhị bách thập lạng cửu tiền nhị phân" indicating that the seal is made of gold and weighs 280 taels (lạng) and 9 mace (tiền), and 2 candareens ...
The unorthodox method used for reading the reverse side of most Tự Đức Bảo Sao (嗣德寶鈔) cash coins. The reverse side of the Tự Đức Bảo Sao are read in an unorthodox way, as usually cash coins are read top-bottom-right-left (known as "a cross pattern"), as is the case for the obverse of this series. [8]
From the Minh Mạng to the Tự Đức period the standing army of the Nguyễn dynasty numbered around 120,000 people. [10] However, due to outdated fighting equipment, poor training, and little attention from the imperial court the Nguyễn army became increasingly backwards in comparison with contemporary military forces, allowing the ...
In 1820, emperor Minh Mạng dissolved the three secretaries, incorporated them into the new organ called Văn thư phòng–the predecessor of the Nội các. However, the Văn thư phòng did not function as a legislature branch of the imperial court until 1829, when Minh Mạng reorganized it to become the Nội các. [3]
The government of the Nguyễn dynasty, officially the Southern dynasty (Vietnamese: Nam Triều; chữ Hán: 南朝) [a] and commonly referred to as the Huế Court (Vietnamese: Triều đình Huế; chữ Hán: 朝廷化), centred around the emperor (皇帝, Hoàng Đế) as the absolute monarch, surrounded by various imperial agencies and ministries which stayed under the emperor's presidency.