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A cargo ship discharging ballast water into the sea. Ballast water discharges by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. [1] Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever ...
Marine mammal habitats have been subject to degradation in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand. [15] It has been estimated that the Philippines has lost about 30-50% of its seagrass habitat in recent decades due to a combination of natural and man-made threats, of which shipping is a considerable one. [15]
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969, renewed in 1992 and often referred to as the CLC Convention, is an international maritime treaty admistered by the International Maritime Organization that was adopted to ensure that adequate compensation would be available where oil pollution damage was caused by maritime casualties involving oil tankers (i.e ...
Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines; Water Code of the Philippines; Pollution Control Law (Presidential Decree 1181; 1977) Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (Presidential Decree 1586; 1978) Food Security Act of 1985; Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990; Philippine Mining Act of 1995
An example is the 2008 directive "on the protection of the environment through criminal law", [20] which ordered Member States to establish legal frameworks to prosecute maritime environmental offenses. [20] Subsequent amendments, such as in 2009, focused on the regulation of ship-source pollution levels and introducing penalties for violations ...
Here a state can continue to enforce laws in four specific areas (customs, taxation, immigration, and pollution) if the infringement started or is about to occur within the state's territory or territorial waters. [19] This makes the contiguous zone a hot pursuit area.
While marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most harm.. Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
Environmental cleanup laws govern the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, sediment, surface water, or ground water.Unlike pollution control laws, cleanup laws are designed to respond after-the-fact to environmental contamination, and consequently must often define not only the necessary response actions, but also the parties who may be responsible for ...