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Launched in January 1984, Skypath (whose lead developer was Richard Edmondson at NBC's New York Rockefeller Center offices) was the first such system of its kind. Its main hub consisted of East Coast, West Coast, and affiliate feeds located on the K u band RCA Satcom K2 satellite, with one C-band transponder located on RCA's now-defunct Satcom 1R.
The dish had to be pointed directly at the satellite, with nothing blocking the signal. Weaker signals required larger dishes. [4] [5] [6] The dishes worked by receiving a low-power C-Band (3.7–4.2 GHz) frequency-modulated analog signal directly from the original distribution satellite – the same signal received by cable television headends.
The C band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 gigahertz (GHz). [1] However, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission C band proceeding and auction, designated 3.7–4.2 GHz as C band. [2]
Hughes's DirecTV, the first national high-powered upper K u-band satellite TV system, went online in 1994. The DirecTV system became the new delivery vehicle for USSB. In 1996, EchoStar's Dish Network went online in the United States and has gone on to similar success as DirecTV's primary competitor.
On November 1, 1988, NBC began scrambling its C-band signal but left its K u band signal unencrypted in order for affiliates to not lose viewers who could not see their advertising. [81] Most of the two million satellite dish users in the United States still used C-band. [81]
Channel C was used by a relay transmitter in Glanmire, Co. Cork. Channel B video is the same as Italian Channel A video and Channel C audio is the same as Channel 4 audio. There are currently no Band I Channels used in Ireland (except on cable TV, and these have mostly been phased out for DOCSIS use) and no plans to resume using them.
The Pan-American television frequencies are different for terrestrial and cable television systems. Terrestrial television channels are divided into two bands: the VHF band which comprises channels 2 through 13 and occupies frequencies between 54 and 216 MHz, and the UHF band, which comprises channels 14 through 36 and occupies frequencies between 470 and 608 MHz.
There are a number of competing systems in use. Early adopters used C-band dishes several feet in diameter to receive analog microwave broadcasts, and later digital microwave broadcasts using the 3.7-4.2 GHz band. Today, although large C-band dishes can still receive some content, the 11.7-12.2 GHz K u band is also used.