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  2. Anisotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy

    Many crystals are anisotropic to light ("optical anisotropy"), and exhibit properties such as birefringence. Crystal optics describes light propagation in these media. An "axis of anisotropy" is defined as the axis along which isotropy is broken (or an axis of symmetry, such as normal to crystalline layers).

  3. Zener ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_ratio

    The Tensorial Anisotropy Index A T [5] extends the Zener ratio for fully anisotropic materials and overcomes the limitation of the AU that is designed for materials exhibiting internal symmetries of elastic crystals, which is not always observed in multi-component composites. It takes into consideration all the 21 coefficients of the fully ...

  4. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

    If the crystal is not under stress, magnetostriction alters the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy. If a ferromagnet is single domain (uniformly magnetized), the effect is to change the magnetocrystalline anisotropy parameters. [16] In practice, the correction is generally not large. In hexagonal crystals, there is no change in K 1. [17]

  5. Crystal optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_optics

    Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating. The index of refraction depends on both composition and crystal structure and can be calculated using the Gladstone–Dale ...

  6. Birefringence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence

    The simplest type of birefringence is described as uniaxial, meaning that there is a single direction governing the optical anisotropy whereby all directions perpendicular to it (or at a given angle to it) are optically equivalent. Thus rotating the material around this axis does not change its optical behaviour.

  7. Magnetic anisotropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_anisotropy

    The magnetic anisotropy of a benzene ring (A), alkene (B), carbonyl (C), alkyne (D), and a more complex molecule (E) are shown in the figure. Each of these unsaturated functional groups (A-D) create a tiny magnetic field and hence some local anisotropic regions (shown as cones) in which the shielding effects and the chemical shifts are unusual.

  8. Magnetic domain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_domain

    First, the crystal lattice of most magnetic materials has magnetic anisotropy, which means it has an "easy" direction of magnetization, parallel to one of the crystal axes. Changing the magnetization of the material to any other direction takes additional energy, called the "magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy".

  9. Anisotropy energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy_energy

    In order to study magnetocrystalline anisotropy, energy (usually in the form of an electric current) is applied to the domain, which causes the crystals to deflect from the "easy" to "hard" positions. The energy required to do this is defined as the anisotropic energy.

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