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In the Hebrew Bible, Melchizedek [a] was the king of Salem and priest of El Elyon (often translated as 'most high God'). He is first mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20, [ 3 ] where he brings out bread and wine and then blesses Abram , and El Elyon or "the Lord, God Most High".
The psalm is used in the Epistle to the Hebrews to justify the award of the title "High Priest" to Jesus from Scripture. [26] Henry notes: "Melchizedek was 'a priest upon his throne' (Zech. 6:13), so is Christ, king of righteousness and king of peace. Melchizedek had no successor, nor has Christ; his is an unchangeable priesthood". [16]
The majority of Chazalic literature attributes the primary character of psalm 110 as King David [6] who was a "righteous king" (מלכי צדק) of Salem (Jerusalem) and, like Melchizedek, had certain priest-like responsibilities, while the Babylonian Talmud understands the chapter as referring to Abram who was victorious in battling to save his nephew Lot and merited priesthood. [7]
The Story of Melchizedek or History of Melchizedek (Latin: Historia de Melchisedech) is an anonymous apocryphal account of the life of Melchizedek originally written in Greek. [1] Melchizedek is a priest and king mentioned twice in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 14:18–20 and Psalm 110:4) and once in the New Testament (Hebrews 7). [2]
The Hebrew scriptures were an important source for the New Testament authors. [13] There are 27 direct quotations in the Gospel of Mark, 54 in Matthew, 24 in Luke, and 14 in John, and the influence of the scriptures is vastly increased when allusions and echoes are included, [14] with half of Mark's gospel being made up of allusions to and citations of the scriptures. [15]
The MacArthur Study Bible, first issued in 1997 by current HarperCollins brand W Publishing, is a study Bible edited by evangelical preacher John F. MacArthur with introductions and annotations to the 66 books of the Protestant Bible.
The identification of Shem as Melchizedek is found in the Talmud, Targumim and Midrashim. [11] Many Christian sources have said Shem was associated with Melchizedek for anti-Christian reasons [dubious – discuss] [citation needed]. He was probably already associated with priesthood—if not Melchizedek—in pre-rabbinic times.
Melchizedek—twice, the second time in a prayer of Melchizedek: "Holy are you, Holy are you, Holy are you, Mother of the aeons, Barbelo, for ever and ever, Amen." The Three Steles of Seth offers a description of "the first aeon, male virginal Barbelo, the first glory of the invisible Father, she who is called 'perfect'."