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Continuous casting, also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills. Prior to the introduction of continuous casting in the 1950s, steel was poured into stationary molds to form ingots .
There are continuous automata. These are like totalistic cellular automata, but instead of the rule and states being discrete (e.g. a table, using states {0,1,2}), continuous functions are used, and the states become continuous (usually values in ). The state of a location is a finite number of real numbers.
For example, global proteome-wide substitutions of natural amino acids with fluorinated analogs have been attempted in Escherichia coli [64] and Bacillus subtilis. [65] A complete tryptophan substitution with thienopyrrole-alanine in response to 20899 UGG codons in Escherichia coli was reported in 2015 by Budisa and Söll . [ 66 ]
In biochemistry, steady state refers to the maintenance of constant internal concentrations of molecules and ions in the cells and organs of living systems. [1] Living organisms remain at a dynamic steady state where their internal composition at both cellular and gross levels are relatively constant, but different from equilibrium concentrations. [1]
An overview of the different components included in the field of chemical biology. Chemical biology is a scientific discipline between the fields of chemistry and biology.The discipline involves the application of chemical techniques, analysis, and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. [1]
The process has been automated since the late 1970s and can be used to form desired genetic sequences as well as for other uses in medicine and molecular biology. However, creating sequences chemically is impractical beyond 200-300 bases, and is an environmentally hazardous process.
Casting directors from Anne Hathaway's films 'The Princess Diaries' and 'Brokeback Mountain' denied conducting 'gross' on-screen chemistry tests in auditions.
Zonal rotors and continuous flow systems are capable of handing bulk and larger sample volumes, respectively, in a laboratory-scale instrument. [1] Whole blood is often separated, using a centrifuge, into components for storage and transport. An application in laboratories is blood separation.