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On 8 April 2013, ISI-leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi publicly claimed that he had created Jabhat al-Nusra and announced that he was forcibly merging it with ISI into one group under his command, forming the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" (ISIL), also known as "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (ISIS).
The Isis Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State (Reprint ed.). New York City: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250112644. Nance, Malcolm (2017). Defeating ISIS: Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe. New York City: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1510711846. Warrick, Joby (2015). Black Flags: The Rise of ...
The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia contains many characteristics of what might be called a constitution in other countries. However, the Qur'an and the Sunnah is declared to be the official constitution of the country which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a) .
Experts disagree on the importance of ideology in IS. According to Cole Bunzel, not all members of IS are aware of the ideology of the group they support. [1] On the other hand, Princeton scholar Bernard Haykel, who specializes in the study of IS, argues that many Western observers fail to understand the passionate attachment of IS—including to its rank and file—to religious doctrine ...
[218] the Iraqi Turkmen genocide began when ISIS captured Iraqi Turkmen lands in 2014 and it continued until ISIS lost all of their land in Iraq. In 2017, ISIS's persecution of Iraqi Turkmen was officially recognized as a genocide by the Parliament of Iraq, [ 219 ] [ 220 ] and in 2018, the sexual slavery of Iraqi Turkmen girls and women was ...
A Theory of ISIS is a 2017 book by political historian Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou which argues that the Islamic State constituted an original and hybrid form of political violence that merged post-colonialism, post-modernity, and post-globalisation thus impacting domestic, regional, and global politics and security. [1]
ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks a day after. [2] [3] [4] 4 January – In a speech published on Al-Furqan, ISIS spokesperson Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari called for supporters to attack Israeli and Jewish targets in the United States and Europe and to "avenge" the killings of Palestinians by the Israel Defense Forces during the Israel ...
The parallel use of both ISIS and ISIL as acronym originated from uncertainty in how to translate the Arabic word "ash-Shām" (or "al-Sham") in the group's April 2013 name, which can be translated variously as "the Levant", "Greater Syria", "Syria" or even "Damascus". This led to the widely used translations of "Islamic State in Iraq and the ...