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The term benzodiazepine is the chemical name for the heterocyclic ring system (see figure to the right), which is a fusion between the benzene and diazepine ring systems. [198] Under Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature , a diazepine is a heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms, five carbon atom and the maximum possible number of cumulative double bonds .
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. [7] The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. [2] [8] The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom. [9]
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, but is not synonymous with psychosis. [1] In the prodrome to psychosis, uncharacteristic basic symptoms develop first, followed by more characteristic basic symptoms and brief and self-limited psychotic-like symptoms, and finally the onset of psychosis. [2] People who were assessed to be high risk ...
2. Absence, at any time, of any symptoms referred to in G1 in F20.0 - F20.3 [13] and of hallucinations or well formed delusions of any kind, i.e. the subject must never have met the criteria for any other type of schizophrenia, or any other psychotic disorder. 3. Absence of evidence of dementia or any other organic mental disorder.
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926). The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908, [1] [2] and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder. [3]
At risk mental state is the clinical presentation of those considered at risk of developing psychosis or schizophrenia. [1] Such states were formerly considered treated as prodromes, emerging symptoms of psychosis, but this view is no longer prevalent as a prodromal period can not be confirmed unless the emergence of the condition has occurred.
Substance-induced psychosis (commonly known as toxic psychosis or drug-induced psychosis) is a form of psychosis that is attributed to substance intoxication, withdrawal or recent consumption of psychoactive drugs. It is a psychosis that results from the effects of various substances, such as medicinal and nonmedicinal substances, legal and ...