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ResearcherID, as a self-registered identifier, will be provided whenever a researcher finishes registration in the ResearcherID database. The identifier was the combination of alphabets and numbers, with the last four numbers representing the year registered, for example: Z-0000-2022. [7]
PIIs include direct identifiers (name, social security number) and indirect identifiers (race, ethnicity, age). [2] Identifiers can be sensitive and non-sensitive, depending on whether it is a direct identifier that is uniquely associated with a person or a quasi-identifier that is not unique. A quasi-identifier cannot pin down an individual ...
CBEFF makes use of well-defined identifiers to inform applications about the data contained in the CBEFF structure. To ensure the set of identifiers are universally accepted and used consistently, the CBEFF standard requires a registry (the Biometric Registration Authority) be maintained to record identifiers used by CBEFF.
It is intended to provide a common source of data to the research community and the data about Research Resource Identifiers , which can be used in scientific publications. After starting as a pilot of two journals in 2014, by 2022 over 1,000 journals have been using them and over half a million RRIDs have been quoted in the scientific ...
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). [2] DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System ; [ 3 ] [ 4 ] they also fit within the URI system ( Uniform Resource Identifier ).
ORCID was first announced in 2009 as a collaborative effort by publishers of scholarly research "to resolve the author name ambiguity problem in scholarly communication". [5] The "Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative"—hence the name ORCID—was created temporarily prior to incorporation.
Traits are physical, behavioral or adhered human characteristics that have been derived from the way human beings normally distinguish their peers (e.g. height, gender, hair color). They are used to complement the identity information provided by the primary biometric identifiers.
The two basic conceptual foundations of forensic identification are that everyone is individualized and unique. [2] This individualization belief was invented by a police records clerk, Alphonse Bertillon, based on the idea that "nature never repeats," originating from the father of social statistics, Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet.