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A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, also simply known as a muscarinic agonist or as a muscarinic agent, is an agent that activates the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. [1] The muscarinic receptor has different subtypes, labelled M1-M5, allowing for further differentiation.
According to their site of actions, cholinergic blocking drugs can be classified into two general types — antimuscarinic and antinicotinic agents. [1] Antimuscarinic agents (also known as muscarinic antagonists), including atropine and hyoscine, block acetylcholine at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Xanomeline/trospium chloride, sold under the brand name Cobenfy, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia. [1] It contains xanomeline, a muscarinic agonist; and trospium chloride, a muscarinic antagonist. [1]
Common side effects include nausea, increased saliva, crampy abdominal pain, and slow heart rate. [3] More severe side effects include low blood pressure, weakness, and allergic reactions. [3] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [3] Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. [3]
For example, the drug pirenzepine is a muscarinic antagonist (decreases the effect of ACh), which is much more potent at M 1 receptors than it is at other subtypes. The acceptance of the various subtypes proceeded in numerical order, therefore, earlier sources may recognize only M 1 and M 2 subtypes, [ citation needed ] while later studies ...
Serious side effect may include urinary retention, hallucinations, hyperthermia, and poor coordination. [4] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [7] Benzatropine is an anticholinergic which works by blocking the activity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. [4]
Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. [1] Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. [10] Pilocarpine is in the miotics family of medication. [11] It works by activating cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type which cause the trabecular meshwork to open and the aqueous humor to drain from the eye. [1]
Cevimeline is a cholinergic agonist. [2] It has a particular effect on M 1 and M 3 receptors. [2] By activating the M 3 receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system, cevimeline stimulates secretion by the salivary glands, thereby alleviating dry mouth.