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Wafer fabrication is a ... The wafers are then exposed to short-wave ultraviolet light and the ... In 2013 the cost of building the next generation wafer fab was over ...
In 2001 NIST publication has reported that photolithography process constituted about 35% of total cost of a wafer processing costs. [87]: 11 In 2021, the photolithography industry was valued over 8 billion USD. [88]
Once tested, a wafer is typically reduced in thickness in a process also known as "backlap", [118]: 6 "backfinish", "wafer backgrind" or "wafer thinning" [191] before the wafer is scored and then broken into individual dies, a process known as wafer dicing. Only the good, unmarked chips are packaged.
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In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant, also called a fab or a foundry, is a factory where integrated circuits (ICs) are manufactured. [1]The cleanroom is where all fabrication takes place and contains the machinery for integrated circuit production such as steppers and/or scanners for photolithography, etching, cleaning, and doping.
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