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Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions. The first typical ...
Thioridazine (Mellaril or Melleril) is a first generation antipsychotic drug belonging to the phenothiazine drug group and was previously widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. The branded product was withdrawn worldwide in 2005 because it caused severe cardiac arrhythmias. However, generic versions are still available in ...
Penfluridol (Semap, Micefal, Longoperidol) is a highly potent, first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic. [2] It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1968. [ 3 ] Related to other diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotics, pimozide and fluspirilene , penfluridol has an extremely long elimination half-life and its effects last for ...
Trifluoperazine, marketed under the brand name Stelazine among others, is a typical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia. [3] It may also be used short term in those with generalized anxiety disorder but is less preferred to benzodiazepines. [3] It is of the phenothiazine chemical class. It was approved for medical use in the ...
Chlorpromazine was developed in 1950 and was the first antipsychotic on the market. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Its introduction has been labeled as one of the great advances in the history of psychiatry .
The difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotics is a subject of debate. The second-generation antipsychotics are generally distinguishable by the presence of 5HT2A receptor antagonism and a corresponding lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics. [15]
Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril among others, is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
Risperidone (trade name Risperdal) is a common atypical antipsychotic medication. The first-line treatment for schizophrenia is an antipsychotic. The first-generation antipsychotics, now called typical antipsychotics, like haloperidol, are dopamine antagonists that block D 2 receptors, and affect the neurotransmission of dopamine.
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