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Theta rhythm is prominent during part of awaking and REM sleep. Due to the density of its neural layers, the hippocampus generates some of the largest EEG signals of any brain structure. In some situations the EEG is dominated by regular waves at 4–10 Hz, often continuing for many seconds. This EEG pattern is known as the hippocampal theta ...
The other field state is that of the theta rhythm. The theta state is characterised by a steady slow oscillation of around 6–7 Hz. LIA has a predominantly lower oscillation frequency but contains some sharp spikes, called sharp waves [1] of a higher frequency than that of theta. [2]
The exact purpose of its appearance in NREM is not understood. In NREM sleep, thalamocortical oscillatory activity is still present, but the overall frequencies range from the slow (<1 Hz), to the delta (1–4 Hz), and theta (4–7 Hz) range. [12] Synchronized theta oscillation has additionally been observed in the hippocampus during NREM. [12]
[3] [10]: §1.2 7–23 An important element of this contrast is the 3–10 Hz theta rhythm in the hippocampus [10]: §7.2–3 206–208 and 40–60 Hz gamma waves in the cortex; patterns of EEG activity similar to these rhythms are also observed during wakefulness. [11]
Specifically, cells in this area are modulated by local theta rhythm, and display theta-frequency membrane potential oscillations (Glasgow & Chapman, 2007; Taube, 1995). Furthermore, cells in the parasubiculum, and neighboring presubiculum , fire in relation to the animal's location in space, suggesting properties similar to place cells .
Buzsaki surely has ideas, and Neil Burgess's grid cell model that we (the lab I work in) recently found experimental evidence in support of also suggests an important function of the theta rhythm. So there are a lot of theories that have experimental support, but in my mind it still isn't perfectly clear what theta rhythm is doing.
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