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  2. Manipulation under anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_under_anesthesia

    It aims to break up adhesions (scar tissue) on and around spinal joints as the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic regions, or extremity joints as the knee, shoulder and hip, to which a restricted range of motion can be painful and limit function. Failed attempts at other standard conservative treatment methods (i.e., manipulation ...

  3. Anterior interval release - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_interval_release

    Anterior interval release (AIR) is a type of arthroscopic knee surgery performed to alleviate pain and associated symptoms caused by scar tissue (or fibrosis) accumulation in the anterior region of the knee, behind and under the knee cap (or patella), in a condition called arthrofibrosis.

  4. Articular cartilage damage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_cartilage_damage

    Articular cartilage does not usually regenerate (the process of repair by formation of the same type of tissue) after injury or disease leading to loss of tissue and formation of a defect. This fact was first described by William Hunter in 1743. [1] Several surgical techniques have been developed in the effort to repair articular cartilage defects.

  5. Arthrofibrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrofibrosis

    Arthrofibrosis (from Greek: arthro-joint, fibrosis – scar tissue formation) has been described in most joints like knee, hip, ankle, foot joints, shoulder (frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis), elbow (stiff elbow), wrist, hand joints as well as spinal vertebrae. [1] [2] It can occur after injury or surgery or may arise without an obvious ...

  6. Skin grafting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_grafting

    This is based upon the principle of mobilizing a full segment of skin from an area to the site needing tissue replacement. The flaps are triangularly shaped opposite each other. It can be used in direct excision and closure of a contracted scar to produce a better looking and healing scar. It helps to elongate and break up a linear scar.

  7. Osteotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteotomy

    The goal is to shift the patient's body weight off the damaged area to the other side of the knee, where the cartilage is still healthy. Surgeons remove a wedge of the tibia from underneath the healthy side of the knee, which allows the tibia and femur to bend away from the damaged cartilage. [7] A model for this is the hinges on a door.

  8. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament...

    Increased scar formation; Risk of fracturing the patella during harvesting of the graft; Increased risk of tendinitis. Increased pain levels, even years after surgery, with activities that require kneeling. [15] Some or all of these disadvantages may be attributable to post-operative patellar tendon shortening. [16]

  9. Fasciotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciotomy

    Fasciotomy in the limbs is usually performed by a surgeon under general or regional anesthesia. An incision is made in the skin, and a small area of fascia is removed where it will best relieve pressure. Plantar fasciotomy is an endoscopic procedure. The physician makes two small incisions on either side of the heel.

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