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Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini (JRB) (National Defense Force) was a Bangladeshi para-military force formed in 1972 by the Sheikh Mujibur Rahman government.; Initially formed to curb the insurgency and maintain law and order the force became involved in numerous charges of human rights abuse including political killings, shooting by death squads, and rape.
Law enforcement organizations existed in ancient times, such as prefects in ancient China, paqūdus in Babylonia, curaca in the Inca Empire, vigiles in the Roman Empire, and Medjay in ancient Egypt. Who law enforcers were and reported to depended on the civilization and often changed over time, but they were typically enslaved people , soldiers ...
The United States has a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement, with over 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies. [134] These agencies include local police, county law enforcement (often in the form of a sheriff's office, or county police), state police and federal law enforcement agencies.
1. Local and State Law Enforcement: Prior to the late 19th century, law enforcement in the United States was primarily the responsibility of local and state governments. Policing and criminal justice functions were carried out by various local constabularies, sheriffs, and state-level agencies.
Edo period wood block print showing police wearing chain armour under their kimono, and using jitte, sasumata, sodegarami, and tsukubo to capture criminals on a roof top. In feudal Japan, individual military and citizens groups were primarily responsible for self-defense until the unification of Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603.
Another organization dedicated to fighting fires in ancient Rome was a band of slaves led by the aedile Marcus Egnatius Rufus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The privately operated system became ineffective, so in the interest of keeping himself and Rome safe, Augustus instituted a new public firefighting force called the vigiles .
The cohortes urbanae (Latin meaning urban cohorts) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police service. They were led by the urban prefect.
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any agency which enforces the law. This may be a special or local police / sheriffs , state troopers , and federal police such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or the United States Marshals (USMS).