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Marine cloud brightening proposes to generate a similar effect using benign material (e.g. sea salt) delivered to clouds that are most susceptible to these effects (marine stratocumulus). Most clouds are quite reflective, redirecting incoming solar radiation back into space. Increasing clouds' albedo would increase the portion of incoming solar ...
Coarse sea spray has also been found to inhibit the development of lightning in storm clouds. [4] Sea spray is directly (and indirectly, through SSA) responsible for a significant degree of the heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean, [5] [6] affecting global climate patterns and tropical storm intensity. [7]
Sea salt aerosol, which originally comes from sea spray, is one of the most widely distributed natural aerosols. Sea salt aerosols are characterized as non-light-absorbing, highly hygroscopic, and having coarse particle size. Some sea salt dominated aerosols could have a single scattering albedo as large as ~0.97. [1]
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The distance the clouds can penetrate inland depends on the depth of the marine layer and the strength of the cooling winds. As night falls and inland areas cool down, the winds usually decrease, but the fog and clouds remain wherever they have blown in until the following morning when the cycle repeats. [8]
Noctilucent clouds form mostly near the polar regions, [7] because the mesosphere is coldest there. [15] Clouds in the southern hemisphere are about 1 km (3,300 ft) higher than those in the northern hemisphere. [7] Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun breaks water molecules apart, reducing the amount of water available to form noctilucent clouds.
Dense deep tropospheric clouds exhibit a high reflectance (70% to 95%) throughout the visible spectrum. Tiny particles of water are densely packed and sunlight cannot penetrate far into the cloud before it is reflected out, giving a cloud its characteristic white color, especially when viewed from the top. [18]