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Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances , both toxic chemicals and medications , on kidney function . [ 1 ] There are various forms, [ 2 ] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way.
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and is a serious complication that affects approximately one quarter of adults with diabetes in the United States. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Affected individuals with end-stage kidney disease often require hemodialysis and eventually kidney transplantation to replace the failed kidney ...
Averrhoa carambola is a species of tree in the family Oxalidaceae native to tropical Southeast Asia; [1] it has a number of common names, including carambola, star fruit and five-corner. [2] It is a small tree or shrub that grows 5 to 12 m (16 to 39 ft) tall, with rose to red-purple flowers.
Apples. The original source of sweetness for many of the early settlers in the United States, the sugar from an apple comes with a healthy dose of fiber.
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Test a drug–fruit combination in humans [11] Test a fruit chemically for the presence of the interacting polyphenol compounds; Test a fruit genetically for the genes needed to make the interacting polyphenol compounds [32] The first approach involves risk to trial volunteers. The first and second approaches have another problem: the same ...
Risk factors for kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age, ethnic group and smoking. For most patients, a GFR over 60 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) is adequate. But significant decline of the GFR from a previous test result can be an early indicator of kidney disease requiring medical intervention.
Carambola, also known as star fruit, is the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, a species of tree native to tropical Southeast Asia. [1] [2] [3] The edible fruit has distinctive ridges running down its sides (usually 5–6). [1] When cut in cross-section, it resembles a star, giving it the name of star fruit.