Ad
related to: adenosine receptors and caffeine soluble fiber
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Caffeine keeps you awake by blocking adenosine receptors. Each type of adenosine receptor has different functions, although with some overlap. [3] For instance, both A 1 receptors and A 2A play roles in the heart, regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow, while the A 2A receptor also has broader anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body. [4]
Caffeine is an antagonist of all four adenosine receptor subtypes (A 1, A 2A, A 2B, and A 3), although with varying potencies. [5] [167] The affinity (K D) values of caffeine for the human adenosine receptors are 12 μM at A 1, 2.4 μM at A 2A, 13 μM at A 2B, and 80 μM at A 3. [167]
Studies indicate that, similar to caffeine, simultaneous antagonism of adenosine receptors [9] is responsible for paraxanthine's stimulatory effects. Paraxanthine adenosine receptor binding affinity (21 μM for A1, 32 μM for A2 A, 4.5 μM for A2 B, and >100 for μM for A3) is similar or slightly stronger than caffeine, but weaker than theophylline.
A crystal structure of the A 2A receptor bound with the agonist NECA and a G protein-mimic has been published in 2016 (PDB code: 5g53). [20] The encoded protein (the A 2A receptor) is abundant in basal ganglia, vasculature, T lymphocytes, and platelets and it is a major target of caffeine, which is a competitive antagonist of this protein. [21]
Caffeine's principal mode of action is as an antagonist of adenosine receptors in the brain. [12] Methylxanthines (e.g. caffeine found in coffee, theophylline found in tea, or theobromine found in chocolate) have a purine structure and bind to some of the same receptors as adenosine. [13]
Ro explores the relationship between fiber and weight loss, six high-fiber foods for weight loss, and how incorporating these items into your diet can support your goals. 6 high-fiber foods for ...
Caffeine exerts its psychoactive and sympathomimetic effects by acting as an antagonist at adenosine receptors. [9] d9-Caffeine was assessed for human adenosine receptor antagonism at the four receptor subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, and found to have similar adenosine receptor affinity as caffeine. [3]
These receptors enable the regulation of multiple processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, function, and death. [47] The activation of the adenosine A1 receptor is required for osteoclast differentiation and function, whereas the activation of the adenosine A2A receptor inhibits osteoclast function. The other three adenosine ...
Ad
related to: adenosine receptors and caffeine soluble fiber