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Coin grading [1] is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it was minted. Several grading systems have been ...
Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is an American third-party coin grading, authentication, attribution, and encapsulation service founded in 1985. The intent of its seven founding dealers, including the firm's former president David Hall, was to standardize grading.
Reverse of PCGS coin slab with hologram in upper right corner. Slabbing coins is a practice which began in 1986. The grading of coins was a way to remove coin grading controversies by having a third party certify the coin's condition. [1] The earliest coin slabs introduced by PCGS were in use from 1986-1989.
The Sheldon Coin Grading Scale is a 70-point coin grading scale used in the numismatic assessment of a coin's quality. The American Numismatic Association based its Official ANA Grading Standards in large part on the Sheldon scale. [1] The scale was created by William Herbert Sheldon.
Third-party grading (TPG) refers to coin grading & banknote grading authentication, attribution, and encapsulation by independent certification services.. These services will, for a tiered fee depending on the value of the coin, "slab" a coin and assign a grade of 1–70 on the Sheldon grading system, with 1 being the lowest grade, with only faint details visible to 70, a practically perfect ...
Since 2015, Whitman Publishing has published the (Expanded) Deluxe Edition, trademarked as the "MEGA Red." The MEGA Red includes more expanded design, mintage, pricing, grading and historical information than the standard Red Book. Since the 1st edition, each edition features "in-depth coverage" of a different denomination of U.S. coins:
There are in more than 3,000 different VAMs however the coin certification company Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) does not recognize all of them. They recognize 52 VAM Peace dollars and 317 Morgan dollar VAMs [2] A VAM can be a small change in dies like a different sized mint mark, or something more dramatic like a repunched date.
A coin catalog (or coin catalogue) is a listing of coin types. Information may include pictures of the obverse and reverse (front and back), date and place of minting, distribution type, translation of inscriptions, description of images, theme, metal type, mintage, edge description, orientation of the coin, weight, diameter, thickness, design credentials, shape and prices for various grades.